Paucity of intact non-induced provirus with early, long-term antiretroviral therapy of perinatal HIV infection

Citation: Rainwater-Lovett K, Ziemniak C, Watson D, Luzuriaga K, Siberry G, Petru A, Chen Y, Uprety P, McManus M, Ho YC, Lamers SL, Persaud D. Paucity of intact non-induced provirus with early, long-term antiretroviral therapy of perinatal HIV infection. PLoS One. 2017 Feb 8;12(2):e0170548. PMID: 28178277; PMCID: PMC5298215

Access full article:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28178277

The latent reservoir is a major barrier to HIV eradication. Reservoir size is emerging as an important biomarker to assess the likelihood of HIV remission in the absence of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and may be reduced by earlier initiation of ART that restricts HIV spread into CD4+ T cells. Reservoir size is traditionally measured with a quantitative viral outgrowth assay (QVOA) that induces replication-competent HIV production through in vitro stimulation of resting CD4+ T cells. However, the recent identification of replication-intact, non-induced proviral genomes (NIPG) suggests the QVOA significantly underestimates (by 62-fold) latent reservoir size in chronically-infected adults. Whether formation and persistence of Intact, NIPG is thwarted by early ART initiation and long-term virologic suppression in perinatal infection is unclear. Here, we show that the latent reservoir in 11 early treated, long-term suppressed perinatally infected children and adolescents was not inducible by QVOA and dominated by defective, NIPG. Single genome analysis of 164 NIPG from 232 million cultured resting CD4+ T cells revealed no replication-intact, near-full length sequences. Forty-three (26%) NIPG contained APOBEC3G-mediated hypermutation, 115 (70%) NIPG contained large internal deletions, one NIPG contained nonsense mutations and indels, and 5 (3%) NIPG were assigned as "Not Evaluable" due to multiple failed sequencing attempts that precluded further classification. The lack of replication competent inducible provirus and intact NIPG in this cohort indicate early, long-term ART of perinatal infection leads to marked diminution of replication-competent HIV-1 reservoirs, creating a favorable state towards interventions aimed at virologic remission.

Categories

CRS
Topics

Clinical Trials

A5384: A Phase II, Randomized, Open-Label Trial of a...

Study Description A5384 is a trial for people who have or might have tuberculous meningitis (TBM). TBM is an infectious disease...

Read More

P1077FF: Formula Feeding Version of the PROMISE Study...

1077FF is a randomized strategy trial, which is part of the PROMISE studies (1077BF, 1077FF, P1084s, and 1077HS). The Promoting...

Read More

A5329: Interferon –Free Therapy for Chronic Hepatitis C...

A5329 is a study for people who are infected with both HIV and the Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and have never taken Hepatitis C...

Read More

P1078: A Phase IV Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled...

P1078 is a Phase IV, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of HIV-infected pregnant women and the infants born to...

Read More

P2010: Phase III Study of the Virologic Efficacy and Safety...

IMPAACT 2010 is a Phase III, three-arm, randomized, open-label study of HIV-1-infected pregnant women initiating either a...

Read More